Knee

Chondromalacia patellae

• Uneven collagenous tissue.
• Basic degenerative changes.
• Many repeated minor hits against the knee cap.
• Dietary factors.
• Ekstra ossificanisering (knogle udvækst.
• Muscular atrophy or elevated tonus of m. vastus medialis.
• General hip, knee, lower leg muscle asymmetry.
• The iliotibial tract or band is too rigid along with m. Vastus lateralis.
• General ligament laxity (loose ligaments around the knee cap).
• The back – excessive curvature.
• L3 dysfunction (lumbar vertebra 3).
• Bone dysfunction.
• Leg length difference.
• Foot and ankle deficits due to for example flat foot or overweight.

Patellofemoralt smertesyndrome

• Diffuse pain in the knee and back of the knee cap connected to exertion or strain
• Acute injury.
• Tight muscles and asymmetry.
• Discomfort exacerbated when walking or running on hills or stairs, especially downwards.
• Pain and stiffness experienced when moving from sitting to standing after a rest period.
• Discomfort is exacerbated by squatting position.
• Occasionally accumulation of fluid in the knee joint occurs.

Cruciate ligament injury

Kneecap dislocation / Patella luxation

• Bleeding which causes severe swelling of the kneecap.
• Soreness especially on the inner edge of the kneecap.
• Reduced or no movement in the kneecap.
• Knee deformity.
• Luxation will show misalignment of the kneecap.

Runner’s knee syndrome

• Pain located at the lateral femur epicondyle (outermost bony prominence under the knee).
• Signs of inflammation on the outside of the knee region.
• Worsening pain / condition when running downhill.
• Swelling at the lower part of the knee joint.
• Fluxation (?) of the bursa (irritation).

Ligament injury in the knee

• Valgus trauma is impact on the knee from the lateral side / outside or on the foot from the medial side / inside, where the lower leg is moved outward relative to the femur.
• Varus trauma, impact affecting the knee from the media side / inside.
• Trauma resulting in hyperextension / backward motion of the knee or strong flexion / bending of the knee.
• Rotational impact without body contact.

Jumper’s knee

• Pain under the apex patellae (inside the bottom of the kneecap), especially after exertion, for example from knee flexion with strain.
• Pain, restlessness and stiffness after activity.
• Pain when tightening the quadriceps muscle while the knee joint is loaded.

Meniscus injury in the knee

• Pain proportional to activity level. (constant pain at 51%)
• Pain in rotation or knee bending, primarily near full flexion (knee bending.)
• Pain along the edge of the joint. (60% have pain along the joint line.)
• Weakness or instability of the knee.
• The leg “gives in”.
• Leg locking-up.
• General knee pain.
• Swelling / effusion. (Seen out at approximately 43% of patients with meniscus injuries on the inner side of the knee.

Osgood-Schlatter’s disease

• Pain at the site of attachment for the tendon on tibial tuberosity.
• The pain is triggered by loading the quadriceps muscle, the pain can be triggered immediately for some or with loading over time for others.
• Swelling over the attachment of the tendon.
• Signs of inflammation of the area.

Knee instability

• Noticed or heard a popping or clicking in the knee.
• Leg is collapsing.
• Lack of control of the knee.
• Pain and swelling, especially after exertion.
• Atrophy, (decrease of muscle mass).
• The knee feels hot.
• Pain and stiffness can be experienced when moving from sitting to standing position after a rest period. The pain worsens in a squatting position.

Osteochondritis dissecans

• Pain connected with severe stress, especially at hyperextension (extreme knee joint extension).
• Effusion / swelling that is indicative of a light condition (synovitis).
• Lock-up of the knee.
• Diffuse pain in the knee.
• Inspection of the joints through arthroscopy may be indicative of the treatment plan. Possibly. “Mice” can be removed via arthroscopy.

Osteoarthritis of the knee

• Pain in the knee when active which gets a little better with rest.
• The knee swells if it has been overloaded.
• Feeling of heat in the joints.
• Stiffness in the knee, especially in the morning or when you have been sitting for a while.
• Lack of mobility, making it difficult to get in and out of cars, get up from a chair, walk up and down stairs or up a hill.
• When you move your knees, there may be creaking and crackling sounds.