Shoulder

Ligament injury in the shoulder (Glenohumeral distortion)

Dislocated shoulder (Luxation)

• Clear shoulder deformity where the shoulder is no longer round.
• Extreme pain especially when trying to move.
• Muscle spasms.
• No movement, the arm hangs limply down the side.

Pinched nerve (Neuritis)

Shoulder instability (Glenohumeral instability)

• Uncomfortable clicking or clonking from the shoulder at certain movements.
• Possible dead arms sensation.
• Weakness
• Diffuse aches in the shoulder region.
• Pain at the back of the joint and in the posterior stabilizing muscles.
• Possible sensation of loosening in the shoulder.
• Anterior dislocation.

Frozen shoulder (Adhesive captulitis)

• Initially pain is subtle and may disappear when the patient starts moving.
• Later more intensive pain.
• Disturbed night sleep due to intense nightly pain located deep in the shoulder.
• Radiating pain in the arm.
• Muscular locking of the entire shoulder complex.
• Reduced mobility. First outward rotation ⇒ exit ⇒ forwarding.
• RC atrophy. (diminished stability muscles in the shoulder).
• The pain disappears to some degree when the arm is kept still in inwards rotation alongside the body.

Bursitis in the shoulder

• Gradual pain at the shoulder joint.
• Pain in front of and above the shoulder joint.
• Pain in motion; even symptoms like rotator-cuff inflammation.
• Reduced mobility.
• Soreness over the shoulder joint.

Impingement syndrom

• Pain in the shoulder.
• The pain may get worse at night.
• Pain during outward and upward movement of the arm (painful arch).
• Pain during forward movement of the shoulder with the palm downward.
• Pain is provoked by horizontal movement of the arm across the body.
• Possible pain on the back of the arm (hand in the back pocket).
• Local point of pain on the shoulder.
• Pain on the front of the shoulder and arm.
• Possible “stiff” or frozen shoulder.
• Possible crepitation (sore feeling).
• Evt. smerte over 90º fremadføring og udadføring.
• Possible spasms between the shoulder blades (rhomboid muscles and upper / lower trapezius).

External impingement of the shoulder

Upper cross syndrome

• Bursae problems in the shoulder.
• Neck pain.
• Headache.
• Radiating symptoms in the arms etc.
• Impingement syndrome in the shoulder.

Rotator cuff tendinitis

• Proportionally increasing symptoms.
• Pain and soreness in the shoulder joint.
• Decreased mobility due to pain (outer and forward movement and rotation of arm).
• Often soreness in the shoulder / Neck region.
• Often rotator-cuff weakness (especially m. supraspinatus).
• Soreness during muscular activity.
• Movement pattern can exhibit a lifting of the shoulder when attempting to lift the arm (showing a change in the upper and shoulder blade rhythm – often visible when the problem is exacerbated.)

Prolapsed disc in the neck

• Local pain at the site of the prolapse and possible radiating pain into one leg exacerbated by exertion.
• Prickling sensations the area of nerve intervention (dermatome).
• Svaghed i armen.
• Reflexes may be altered.
• Functional failure due to direct pressure on the nerves.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome / TOS (chest/neck nerve impingement)

• Pain in shoulder and neck.
• Pain in arm.
• Pain in hand.
• Sleeping, pricking and stabbing sensations into the hand.
• Skin color change in hand and arm.
• Cold hand.
• Weak pulse in arm and hand.
• Weak gripping strength in hand.
• A pounding sensation at the collar bone.
• In the worst case a blood clot under the collar bone.

Repetitive strain injury (RSI) / Myositis

• Sore neck, shoulders, arms and wrists.
• Træthed i nakke, skuldre og arm.
• Pain in the neck, shoulders, arm, elbow, wrist and headache.
• Increased pain at continued use.
• Relief with rest.

Winged scapula (Scapula alata)

• Pain in the shoulder as in impingement syndrome.
• Reduced function of the shoulder blade.
• Curved posture of the upper back.
• Resulting injuries of the shoulder, neck and arm.

Weak serratus anterior muscle (Atrophied)